Index	LU=1Jul04	Contact: Dawn Chambers

Further historical details about the Clark family in Australia

Descendants of: Andrew CLARKE
And: Cecilia DEWAR
Married: 18 Nov 1774 Kinghorn, FIF, SCT

Children
|
|----- Andrew CLARKE
|	b 28 Jan 1775
|	bp 5 Feb 1775 Kinghorn, FIF, SCT
|	m 8 Jul 1796 Agnes PEERS
|	d 1832 on voyage to Australia
|
|----- Betty CLARKE
	b 22 Jan 1781
	bp 28 Jan 1781 Kinghorn, FIF, SCT


Descendants of: Andrew CLARK (1775-1832)
And: Agnes PEERS
Married: 8 Jul 1796 Kinghorn, FIF, SCT

Children
|
|----- Andrew CLARK
|	bp 21 May 1797 Kinghorn, FIF, SCT
|
|----- John CLARK
|	bp 2 Jun 1799 Kinghorn, FIF, SCT
|
|----- Agnes CLARK
|	bp 25 Jan 1801 Kinghorn, FIF, SCT
|
|----- James CLARK
|	bp 5 Aug 1804 Kinghorn, FIF, SCT
|
|----- Cecilia CLARK
|	bp 26 Jan 1806 Kinghorn, FIF, SCT
|
|----- David CLARK
|	bp 23 Aug 1807 Kinghorn, FIF, SCT
|	d 1849 California, USA
|
|----- Alexander CLARK
|	bp 7 May 1809 Kinghorn, FIF, SCT
|	m 1832 Ann INGLIS
|	d 11 Sep 1894 (as Alexander Russell CLARK)
|	Australian Dictionary of Biography
|
|----- Janet CLARK
	bp 14 Apr 1811 Kinghorn, FIF, SCT


Descendants of: Alexander Russell CLARK (1809-1894)
And: Ann INGLIS
Married: 1832 Kirkaldy, Scotland

Children
|
|----- John CLARK
|	b 1833
|	d 1897
|	Supplied bush locomotive "Pio Pio" to Sinclair Bros, Wainuiomata
|
|----- Alexander CLARK
|	b c1838
|	d 1857 near Geelong, Australia aged 19yrs
|
|----- Agnes CLARK
|	b 1 Oct 1842 Tasmania, AUS
|	m Duncan Barclay McLAREN
|	d 3 Aug 1912 Hastings, NZ
|	bu Linwood Cemetery, Christchurch, NZ
|	Duncan m2? 1919 Mildred Alice RUDKIN
|	Duncan: died 18 May 1926, bu Linwood Cemetery, Christchurch, NZ
|		|
|		|--- Annie Clark McLAREN
|			m 1908 Charles Edward QUARTLEY
|			d 22 Sep 1922
|			bu Linwood Cemetery, Christchurch, NZ
|
|----- Andrew CLARK
|	d 1843 in infancy
|
|----- Andrew Inglis CLARK
|	b 24 Feb 1848 Tasmania, AUS
|	m 14 Jan 1878 Grace Paterson ROSS
|	d 14 Nov 1907 Tasmania, AUS
|	Australian Dictionary of Biography
|
|----- Janet CLARK
	b 18 Jul 1851 Tasmania, AUS


Descendants of: Andrew Inglis CLARK (1848-1907)
And: Grace Paterson ROSS
	Dau of John ROSS, shipbuilder, Hobart, TAS, AUS

Married: 14 Jan 1878

Children
|
|----- Esma Inglis CLARK
|	b 25 Oct 1878 Tasmania, AUS
|
|----- Alexander Inglis CLARK
|	b 14 Dec 1879 Tasmania, AUS
|	NZ: Supplementary Wellington North Electoral Roll 1919
|	Marine Engineer on ss Rakanoa
|
|----- Andrew Inglis CLARK
|	b 6 Jun 1882 Tasmania, AUS
|	Occupation: Judge
|
|----- Conway Inglis CLARK
|	b 8 Nov 1883 Tasmania, AUS
|	Occupation: Architect
|
|----- Wendell Inglis CLARK
|	b 22 Jul 1885 Tasmania, AUS
|	Occupation: Doctor
|
|----- Melvyn Inglis CLARK
|	b 4 Dec 1886 Tasmania, AUS
|	b 18 Sep 1887 Tasmania, AUS
|
|----- Correl Inglis CLARK
|	b 12 Jan 1888 Tasmania, AUS
|	Occupation: Clerk Legislative Council, Australia
|
|----- Ethel Inglis CLARK
	b 8 Sep 1889 Tasmania, AUS


Australian Dictionary of Biography 1788-1850
CLARK, Alexander Russell (1809-1894), engineer, was born on 1 May 1809 
at Kinghorn, Fife, Scotland, the seventh child of Andrew Clark, 
cartwright and ploughwright of that town, and his wife Agnes nee 
Peers. At birth he was registered as Alexander Clark; the additional 
name, Russell, appears on his tombstone and in his obituary. He served 
an apprenticeship, first with his father and later with Alexander 
Russell, an uncle of Peter Nicol Russell of Kirkaldy. Early in 1832 he 
married Ann, a daughter of John Inglis of Kirkaldy, and soon 
afterwards sailed from Liverpool in the Lavinia, arriving in Hobart 
Town in November.

Clark was first employed by Jackson and Walker proprietor of the 
'Steam Engine and Government Mill' on the Old Wharf. When Walker moved 
his mill to the corner of Barrack and Collins Streets, Clark was 
responsible for reinstalling the steam-engine and building a chimney 
some 110 feet high. From 1837 to 1841 Clark was part-owner, with John 
Walker and two others, of the 65-foot steam vesssel Governor Arthur. 
In the meantime, however, Clark commenced a flexible partnership with 
Henry Davidson who had started an engineering business on his arrival 
from Scotland in 1832. This association lasted until Davidson's death 
in 1861. During the short-lived boom in 1839-1840 Davidson and Clark 
supplied and erected engines in many parts of Van Dieman's Land. They 
were seriously affected by the depression, but with great initiative 
and courage they commissioned John Watson to build a ship for which 
they manufactured 'a twenty-horsepower engine on a new principle', 
probably the first marine steam-engine made in the colony. The new 
paddle steamer, named appropriately Native Youth, was launched in May 
1842. Clark and Davidson retained their interest in her only until 
1844.

In 1841 Clark completed a contract for the construction and 
installation of a 'Ten-horsepower High Pressure Steam Engine' for 
pumping water from the government coal-mines on Tasman peninsula. Next 
year he accepted an appointment to superintend the erection of a flour 
treadmill at Port Arthur, which was completed in 1845. In 1846 Clark 
went to Launceston to supervise the construction of a water-wheel for 
the waterworks planned and directed by Major Cotton. In 1848 Clark had 
a lease of the Tasman Peninsula mines. Clark and Davidson added 
sawmilling to their activities in the late 1850s. Clark retired about 
1870 in favour of his sons. Engineering was later abandoned, but the 
sawmilling was carried on until 1921 when the business was sold to 
Risby Bros.

Clark was remembered as a liberal and humane man, and, although he was 
nominally a Presbyterian, religion did not play an important part in 
his life. His wife, however, was a foundation member of the Baptist 
Church in Tasmania and a close friend of Rev. Henry Dowling. She died 
in 1882, and Clark died in Hobart on 11 September 1894.

About 1860 his eldest son, John (1833-1897), began an engineering 
business, with particular interests in marine engineering, in 
Salamanca Place. He was appointed first inspector of machinery for 
Tasmania in 1885, and his business was purchased by Kennedy & Sons in 
1919. Clark's youngest son, Andrew Inglis (1848-1907) was a lawyer, 
judge, politician and federalist.


Australian Dictionary of Biography 1851-1890
CLARK, Andrew Inglis (1848-1907), barrister, politician and judge, was 
born on 24 Feb 1848 in Hobart Town, the youngest son of Alexander 
Russell Clark, a successful engineer, building contractor and 
ironfounder, and his wife Ann, nee Inglis. Delicate as a child, he was 
taught by his mother until old enough to attend the Hobart High 
School. He was then apprenticed in the family firm, emerged as a 
qualified engineer and became its business manager. At 24 he decided 
to study law, was articled to R. P. Adams and in 1877 was called to 
the Bar. In 1878 he married Grace Paterson, daughter of John Ross, a 
Hobart shipbuilder.

In the 1870s Clark was an active member of the local debating and 
literary societies and, with a few Unitarians, was prominent in the 
Minerva Club where contemporary problems were discussed. In 1874 he 
edited its short-lived Quadrilateral, a monthly journal of politics, 
literature and philosophy. He was also a member of the American Club 
with other 'young, ardent republicans'; at its annual dinner in 1876 
he declared, 'We have met here tonight in the name of the principles 
which were proclaimed by the founders of the Anglo-American Republic
... and we do so because we believe those principles to be permanently 
applicable to the politics of the world'.

When Clark stood for the House of Assembly in 1878 as the protégé of 
Thomas Reibey who was reputed to have the electorate of Norfolk Plains 
in his pocket, he was attacked by the Mercury for 'holding such very 
extreme ultra-republican, if not revolutionary ideas' that his proper 
place was among 'Communists', and by the Launceston Examiner as 'a 
mere fledgeling' and a 'stranger' from Hobart. After a lively 
controversy Clark was elected unopposed in July. Clark told his 
constituents that he would join the Opposition, denied that he was a 
revolutionist but wanted government that would not benefit any 
particular class; he also attacked the government's tariff policy and 
new electoral bill, and advocated the ending of controversy between 
the administration and the Main Line Railway Co., preferably by 
government purchase. In the assembly he was one of the few private 
members to introduce legislation and, although unable to amend the 
Master and Servant Act, he carried the Criminal Law Amendment Act in 
1880. He also assisted the premier, W. R. Giblin to reframe the 
customs tariff. Clark was defeated in the 1882 election and failed 
again when he contested East Hobart in 1884 and 1886.

Clark had first won repute as a criminal lawyer in a 'poisoning case' 
and soon acquired a large practice in civil jurisdiction as well, 
although his generosity and refusal 'to accept anything beyond a 
reasonable and modest fee' prevented him making a fortune at the Bar. 
While out of parliament he not only built up his practice but 
continued to lead the liberal attack on conservatism and the remnants 
of the convict tradition. In 1885 he was a founder of the Southern 
Tasmanian Political Reform Association. Its aims were manhood 
suffrage, larger electorates, triennial parliaments, municipal reform 
and the prohibition of paid canvassers and cabs in elections; it 
helped to enrol electors and organized a campaign for the 1886 
elections. Clark drew up proposals for the redistribution of seats; he 
was also one of the first politicians to be actively supported by the 
Hobart Trades and Labour Council.

In January 1887 he went into partnership with Matthew Wilkes Simmons 
and soon afterwards won a by-election at East Hobart. Clark was 
returned for South Hobart to the assembly and in March became 
attorney-general under P. O. Fysh. With the premier in the Legislative 
Council, Clark became largely responsible for introducing legislation 
in the House of Assembly. In his first term he initiated 150 
ministerial bills, only one less than Sir Henry Parkes during his 
whole career. Clark enhanced his reputation as an outstanding Liberal 
by carrying much progressive and humanitarian legislation, including 
the Master and Servant Amendment Act, which he had advocated in his 
first electoral address, and other important legislation on the 
legalizing of trade unions, restricting the entry of Chinese, 
preventing cruelty to animals, reimbursing members of parliament and 
reforming laws on lunacy and the custody of children. He was less 
successful in his efforts to impose a land tax, introduce manhood 
suffrage and centralize the police. As attorney-general he became 
involved in the dispute between the government and the Main Line 
Railway Co., but despite his efforts the company was awarded arrears 
of interest by the Supreme Court. Clark advised the government to 
appeal to the Privy Council and went to England in 1890 to conduct the 
case. Empowered to treat with the directors, he successfully 
negotiated out of court the purchase of their property.

Clark then visited America. His radicalism always had strong Unitarian 
connexions and in 1883 he had entertained Moncure Conway, an American 
Unitarian preacher and author, in Hobart. Now Conway introduced him to 
Oliver Wendell Holmes and other well-known Unitarians, many of them 
academics and lawyers, with whom Clark corresponded for the rest of 
his life. Always impressed by the American Constitution and its 
democratic and republican ideals, he returned to Hobart convinced of 
their suitability for Australia.

Through his experience as business manager of the family engineering 
firm Clark first became interested in Federation as a solution to 
intercolonial tariff rivalry. He was a delegate to the Federal Council 
in 1888, 1889, 1891 and 1894 and the Australasian Federation 
Conference in Melbourne in 1890. Before the National Australasian 
Convention in Sydney in 1891 he circulated his own draft constitution 
bill. This was practically a transcript of relevant provisions from 
the British North American Act, the United States Constitution and the 
Federal Council Act, arranged systematically, but it was to be of 
great use to the drafting committee at the convention. Parkes received 
it with reservations, suggesting that 'the structure should be evolved 
bit by bit'. George Higginbotham admitted the 'acknowledged defects & 
disadvantages' of responsible government, but criticized Clark's plan 
to separate the executive and the legislature. Clark's draft also 
differed from the adopted constitution in his proposal for 'a separate 
federal judiciary', with the new Supreme Court replacing the Privy 
Council as the highest court of appeal on all questions of law, which 
would be 'a wholesome innovation upon the American system'. He became 
a member of the Constitutional Committee and chairman of the Judiciary 
Committee. Although he took little part in the debates he assisted 
Samuel Griffith, Edmond Barton and C. C. Kingston in revising 
Griffith's original draft of the adopted constitution on the 
Queensland government's steam yacht, Lucinda; though he was too ill to 
be present when the main work was done, his own draft had been the 
basis for most of Griffith's text. Alfred Deakin, The Federal Story 
(Melbourne, 1963), described Clark at the conference: 'Small, spare, 
nervous, active, jealous and suspicious in disposition, and somewhat 
awkward in manner and ungraceful in speech, he was nevertheless a 
sound lawyer, keen, logical and acute'.

After the Fysh government fell in 1892, Clark joined the Opposition. 
In 1894 as attorney-general under Edward Braddon he continued to 
introduce much legislation and in 1896, at his fourth attempt, 
succeeded in amending the Electoral Act by extending the franchise and 
introducing in Hobart and Launceston proportional representation under 
what became known as the Hare-Clark system in his honour. Although 
first introduced for only a year it was renewed annually until 
suspended in 1902, and in 1907 was adopted for the whole State.

On 27 October 1897 Clark resigned from the Braddon government after 
colleagues ignored his plea for a concession to the Emu Bay Railway 
Co. to extend their line to Mount Lyell. His resignation was the 
prelude to political confusion. Efforts were made to effect a 
reconciliation between Clark and Braddon, while John Henry did his 
utmost to bring down the government and planned a new ministry under 
Clark. Clark again joined the Opposition. He received many 
complimentary letters on his stand, including one from the Hobart 
Chess Club congratulating their president on 'preferring resignation 
to perpetual check'.

In the 1890s Clark encouraged the young leaders of the Tasmanian 
Federation Leagues, who became known as 'Clark's Boys'. He did not 
attend the 1897 Federal Convention because he was visiting America to 
improve his health and to leave some sons there to complete their 
education. On his return he introduced the draft constitution in the 
House of Assembly, although he remained doubtful about the financial 
provisions. In his The Federal Financial Problem and its solution 
(Hobart, 1900) he argued that the difficulty could be solved by 'the 
transfer of the largest possible proportionate part of the public debt 
of each colony to the Federal Government'. He was also concerned about 
the judiciary clauses and sent written amendments to the 1898 
convention. They were tabled by Barton who wrote to him: 'The paper is 
regarded as a very valuable one, & by it you have added to your many 
services to the cause of Federation'. Clark continued to correspond 
with his American friends on questions of Federation and sent them 
copies of the convention debates.

On 1 June 1898 Clark was appointed a pusine judge of the Supreme Court 
of Tasmania and senior judge on 1 May 1901. Chief Justice Way of South 
Australia congratulated him: 'You take with you the learning, the 
judgement, and all the moral qualities needed to maintain the prestige 
and usefulness of your high office'. Clark was knowledgeable in all 
branches of the law, but pre-eminent as a constitutional lawyer and 
jurist. His Studies in Australian Constitutional Law was published in 
Melbourne in 1901. In 1903 he was tentatively offered a seat on the 
High Court but parliament cut the number of judges from 5 to 3; he was 
again passed over when the bench was enlarged in 1906. Professor 
Harrison Moore consoled him: 'Well, for many reasons I am sorry. But I 
fear you would have taken it too hard, and that the constant 
journeying, the want of any permanent settlement, and the break-up of 
your family life would have left you little of joy in the office'. 
Clark strongly disapproved of the judiciary Act amendment bill in 
1907, protesting that nothing in the Constitution have the 
Commonwealth parliament power to deprive State courts of administering 
any portion of their State laws.

Few of Clark's writings were published. In 1891 he had joined the 
American Academy of Political and Social Science and in 1900 published 
a paper on 'Natural Rights' in their Annals. His unpublished works, 
written in exercise books for circulation among friends, are extensive 
and fall in three broad groups: philosophical essays, studies on 
different aspects of the Australian and American Constitutions and 
serious legal discourses; there are also two slim volumes of poetry. 
He was widely read in literature and the law, and his library was 
renowned. His greatest contribution to learning was his share in the 
foundation of the University of Tasmania in 1889; he was its 
vice-chancellor from June 1901 to July 1903.

Inspired as a young man by Higginbotham and by Mazzini, of whom he had 
a picture in every room, Clark remained a republican. In 1891 he 
wrote, 'the leopard could as soon change his spots as I become a 
supporter of plutocracy and class privilege'. Ten years later he wrote 
an essay on 'The Evils of Monarchy' in answer to James Bryce, Studies 
in History and Jurisprudence (London, 1901). Clark visited America in 
1897 armed with letters of introduction from Miss Margaret Windeyer to 
leading feminists. His youngest son claimed that 'the judge was 
through his life a great admirer of ladies, whose society he often 
greatly enjoyed. He always warmly defended their equality in native 
intellect with the sterner sex, and he can lay claim to the no mean 
distinction of being the first man to fight an election in Tasmania in 
favour of adult suffrage'.

Clark was blessed by a rich family life: Moncure Conway long 
remembered him under his 'vine and figtree' with his wife and 
children. He was never too busy to mend a toy for a child, and his 
wife once wrote on hearing of his imminent return from America: 'to 
celebrate your return I must do something or bust'. Clark died on 14 
November 1907 at his home, Rosebank, Battery Point, Hobart, survived 
by his wife, five sons and two daughters. Of his sons, Alexander 
became an engineer, Andrew a judge, Conway an architect, Wendell a 
doctor and Carrel clerk of the Legislative Council. In 1894 Clark had 
been given the title of 'Honourable' for life.