Order of the Garter

 

Originally it was intended to have 300 members, but when it was founded in 1344 by King Edward III, it only had 26 members. This number was the maximum size of the Order, new members only being elected upon the death of an exsisting member.

 

The intention of the symbolism of the Garter, was a circlet to bind the knight companion mutually, and all of them jointly to the King as head of the order.

 

The Order had offical robes of blue and gold. The wearing of the garter at the knee was further intended as a "Caveat and Exhortation that the knights should not pusillanimously (by running away from battle) betray the valour and renown which is ingrafted in Constancy and Magnanimity".

 

The Statues provided that no member was to leave the Kings Domain without his express authority.

 

The Order later had a Ladies chapter. Roi Jean II of France formed the Order of the Star as the French Equivalent.

 

The founding members in 1344 were :-

Edward III (47), King of England as the head of the Order.

Edward (38), Prince of Wales

Henry (93), Earl of Lancaster

Thomas Beauchamp (256), Earl of Warwick

Jean de Grailly (126), Captal de Buch

Ralph Stafford (211) - later the Earl of Stafford

William Montagu (292), Earl of Salisbury

Bartholomew Burghersh (20)

Thomas Holland (262) - later the Earl of Kent

Sir John Chandos (244)

 

Other founders included Roger Mortimer (later the earl of March), Sir John Lisle, Lord John Beauchamp (of Warwick), Lord John Mohun (of Dunster), Sir Hugh Courtenay, Lord John Grey (of Rotherfield), Sir Richard Fitz-Simon, Sir Miles Stapleton, Sir Thomas Wale, Sir Hugh Wrottesley, Sir Nele Lorying, Sir James Audley (a relative of the 111 family), Sir Otes Holand, Sir Henry d'Enne, Sir Sanchet d'Abrichecourt, and Sir Walter Paveley.

 

During the reign of Edward III as vacancies became available, the following were also elected to the Garter :-

            Note that only PCs are shown.

in 1349 Robert Ufford (237), Earl of Suffolk

in 1353 Reynold Cobham (219)

in 1360 Sir Walter de Mauny (620)

in 1361 Lionel of Anterp (44), (2nd son of the King) Earl of Ulster and later Duke of Clarence

in 1361 John of Gaunt (93), (3rd son of the King) married the Earl of Lancaster heiress

in 1361 Edmund of Langley (281), (4th son of the King) Earl of Cambridge and later made Duke of York

in 1362 William Latimer (284)

in 1365 Humphrey Bohun (101), Earl of Hereford, Essex, and Northampton

in 1366 Enguerrand de Coucy (49), (son-in-law of the King) Sire de Coucy and later Earl of Bedford

            he resigned all his English lands and titles in 1377

in 1366 Henry Percy (92), later the Earl of Northumberland

in 1368 Ralph Basset (208)

in 1369 John Neville (213)

in 1370 John Hastings (158), Earl of Pembroke

in 1373 Thomas Beauchamp (256), Earl of Warwick

in 1375 John de Montfort (198), Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond

in 1375 William Ufford (237), Earl of Suffolk

in 1375 Hugh Stafford (211), Earl of Stafford

in 1375 Thomas Holland (262), later the Earl of Kent

in 1377 Richard II (38), Prince of Wales and later King of England

in 1377 Henry of Bolingbroke (93), Duke of Lancaster