The Military Postal History of the New Hebrides
During the Second World War


Santo - The US Army


The US Army's "Task Force 6814 A" had arrived on Efate on 16 March 1942. It was soon realised, however, that the retaking of Guadalcanal required a nearby airbase and Detachment A transferred to Santo on 28 May 1942. On arrival, it changed its name to Provisional Base Command, BASE BUTTON. It then became Provisional Headquarters and Headquarters Company, Base Command, APO 708 on 28 September 1942. In the interim CUB One, the first echelon of LION One (the main construction force for Santo) had arrived on 11 August 1942.

There are few covers known using Task Force 6814A as a return address. Those that do were either forwarded to APO 502 in New Caledonia for cancelling or, by July 1942, were sent to APO 932 on Efate for the same purpose. Later, the original personnel of Task Force 6814 A became part of Base Command and would use APO 708 - see the second example of APO 708 correspondence below.

The next army contingent to arrive, CUB One, travelled in company with the 6th Navy Construction Battalion on USS Wharton and shared the transient code-name address of Navy UUB. The only way to distinguish whether a Navy UUB cover is from a member of CUB One or the 6th NCB is to identify to which unit the sender belonged. Because the code-name BASE BUTTON had been designated almost as soon as Task Force 6814 A arrived, covers bearing "Navy UUB" as a return address are extremely rare and can be expected to bear a postage date of 11 or 12 August 1942. Such mail was written either on board USS Wharton and held for postage on reaching Santo or were written immediately on arrival. Very few such covers exist.

Army mail using BASE BUTTON as a return address is also rare (most units on Santo at this stage were Navy and thus "BASE BUTTON" covers tend to come from Navy personnel). The creation of APO 708 on 28 September 1942 meant that all BASE BUTTON mail began to be faded out thereafter, disappearing altogether by February 1943.

APO 708 remained as the main Army Post Office on Santo until 12 August 1945. It is the commonest return address for army personnel on Santo, lending itself to many varieties and is a fertile field for research.

APO 719 was also based on Santo, servicing the 13th Army Air Force, which used APO 708 until the 719th Army Postal Unit opened APO 719 on 28 June 1943. It operated until January 1944, when it was transferred to Guadalcanal. In the six months of its operation, it serviced as few as 300 men, so APO 719 mail is uncommon.

The only other APO to operate from Santo for any length of time was APO 27, which was attached to the 27th Infantry Battalion. That unit was at the heart of the retaking of Saipan in mid 1944. Once the island was secure, detachments of the 27th Infantry Battalion began to return to Santo for a well-earned rest. The first units arrived on 14 August 1944 and the remainder arrived progressively until January 1944. During this period, APO 27 was split, with three of its four sections on Saipan and one on Santo. Distinguishing where mail came from is difficult but, according to Jersey, mail from Saipan is roughly addressed, usually in pencil. Tidy mail can largely be presumed to have emanated from Santo.

Mention must also be made of APO 1055, which existed on Santo for a brief 46 days from 14 April 1945 to 1 June 1945, servicing the 122nd Station Hospital. There is no known mail surviving from APO 1055.

Some commentators suggest that APO 37 also operated from Santo. While it is correct that part of the 37th Infantry Division was based there temporarily in 1943, Jersey states that in fact its post office was not included and servicemen from the 37th Infantry Division used APO 708 on Santo.


CUB One ("Navy UUB")

12 August 1942
The only known use of "Navy UUB" as a return address by a member of CUB One
(Chief Yeoman Gilroy is not listed as serving with the 6th NCB, so must have
been in CUB One - see Jersey p76). This letter is dated the day after CUB One
arrived on USS Wharton and was probably posted on board ship.



APO 708

10 November 1942
An early APO 708 cover. Interestingly, the sender was a Private in the 172nd Infantry Battalion.
He was not supposed to be on Santo. The 172nd had been on board President Coolidge when, en route
to Guadalcanal, she hit a mine in Segond Channel and sank on 25 October 1942, 16 days before
this letter. No doubt Private Freiwald was writing to his mother to assure her of his safety!


25 November 1942
The use of APO 708 by a member of the original "Task Force 6814 A". The writer was a
member of the 182nd Infantry Battalion, which had been part of Task Force 6814 A
when it arrived on Santo. One wonders where the earlier part of his correspondence
with Miss Burbine might have gone. The cartoon suggests this was
probably not the only letter he wrote to her ...


3 February 1943
Typical APO 708 usage, this time from a member of the 955th
Engineer Topography Company, Aviation (Reinforcements) of the 4th Photo
Reconnaissance and Mapping Group, 13th Army Air Force, in the early
days before APO 719, when the 13th AAF still used APO 708.


12 June 1943
A self-censored letter from Lt Col Arthur King. Jersey illustrates (p128)
an earlier March 1943 cover from him which does not include
the personalised rubber stamp for the return address.


16 August 1943
A curious late use of APO 708 by a member of the 13th Army Air Force.
APO 719 had opened on 28 June 1942, six weeks earlier and it is
unclear why the sender continued to use APO 708. Perhaps
he was simply based in a location convenient to do so.


The above cover illustrates the usage of a previously unrecorded cds for APO 708.
Of poor quality, it appears that the rubber had deteriorated in the tropical heat,
possibly explaining its infrequency of use. Here, it is compared with
Jersey Type 40 cds - the differences are unmistakeable.


28 December 1943
Another cover with interesting origins. APO 9022 was one of the coded 'transit' addresses
assigned to units moving to a specific destination. Here, the letter was
eventually posted through APO 708 on arrival.


As can be seen here, the letter was censored a second time. This clear adhesive tape
is known on very few New hebrides covers. It is likely that the letter
was censored on arrival in the United States.


30 June 1944
A relatively late use of APO 708, with another unrecorded cds.


The cds above is similar to Jersey Type 39 but includes "708" in the date block
and is missing a full-stop in the "APO".


APO 27

18 August 1944
A rare usage of an Official Election War Ballot through APO 27. Private Willman
had returned from the conflict on Saipan only a few days earlier. His devotion to
the democratic process is admirable!.


28 December1944
By this date, most of the 27th Infantry Battalion was back on Santo and one can
be reasonably confident that covers emanate from there.


APO 719

15 December1944
A rare inwards cover to APO 719, from the Postmaster at Vila
(from the Namba 2 collection
).

The reverse of the above cover, showing that it passed through Navy 156 at Efate
and Navy 140 on Santo.